Abnormal Psychology: Pearson New International Edition

VitalSource eBook

Date de publication

01 novembre 2013

ISBN-13

9781292037608

Ampleur

Nombre de pages de contenu principal : 736

Code interne

1292037601

Protection technique e-livre

DRM

Google Livres Aperçu

Sommaire

In this section:

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1   Abnormal Psychology: An Overview 

Chapter 2   Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior 

Chapter 3   Causal Factors and Viewpoints 

Chapter 4   Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis 

Chapter 5   Stress and Physical and Mental Health 

Chapter 6   Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders 

Chapter 7   Mood Disorders and Suicide  

Chapter 8   Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders 

Chapter 9   Eating Disorders and Obesity 

Chapter 10 Personality Disorders 

Chapter 11 Substance-Related Disorders 

Chapter 12 Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions 

Chapter 13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Chapter 14 Neurocognitive Disorders

Chapter 15 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence 

Chapter 16 Therapy 

Chapter 17 Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology

2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: An Overview

What Do We Mean by Abnormality?   

The DSM-5 and the Definition of Mental Disorder   

Why Do We Need to Classify Mental Disorders?   

What Are the Disadvantages of Classification?   

How Can We Reduce Prejudicial Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill?

How Does Culture Affect What Is Considered Abnormal?  

Culture-Specific Disorders   

How Common Are Mental Disorders?   

Prevalence and Incidence   

Prevalence Estimates for Mental Disorders   

Treatment   

Mental Health Professionals   

Research Approaches in Abnormal Psychology   

Sources of Information   

Case Studies   

Self-Report Data   

Observational Approaches   

Forming and Testing Hypotheses   

Sampling and Generalization   

Internal and External Validity   

Criterion and Comparison Groups   

Research Designs   

Studying the World as It Is: Correlational Research Designs   

Measuring Correlation   

Statistical Significance   

Effect Size

Meta-analysis

Correlations and Causality   

Retrospective Versus Prospective Strategies   

Manipulating Variables: The Experimental Method in Abnormal Psychology   

Studying the Efficacy of Therapy   

Single-Case Experimental Designs   

Animal Research   

Summary   

Key Terms   

Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior  

Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior   

Demonology, Gods, and Magic   

Hippocrates’ Early Medical Concepts   

Early Philosophical Conceptions of Consciousness   

Later Greek and Roman Thought   

Early Views of Mental Disorders in China   

Views of Abnormality During the Middle Ages   

Toward Humanitarian Approaches   

The Resurgence of Scientific Questioning in Europe   

The Establishment of Early Asylums   

Humanitarian Reform   

Nineteenth-Century Views of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders Changing Attitudes Toward Mental Health in the Early Twentieth Century   

Mental Hospital Care in the Twenty-First Century   

Biological Discoveries: Establishing the Link Between the Brain and Mental Disorder   

The Development of a Classification System   

Development of the Psychological Basis of Mental Disorder   

The Evolution of the Psychological Research Tradition: Experimental Psychology  

Summary   

Key Terms   

Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints

Causes and Risk Factors for Abnormal Behavior   

Necessary, Sufficient, and Contributory Causes   

Feedback and Bidirectionality in Abnormal Behavior   

Diathesis-Stress Models   

Viewpoints for Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior   

The Biological Viewpoint and Biological Causal Factors   

Imbalances of Neurotransmitters and Hormones   

Genetic Vulnerabilities   

Temperament   

Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity   

The Impact of the Biological Viewpoint   

The Psychological Viewpoints   

The Psychodynamic Perspectives   

The Behavioral Perspective   

The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective   

What the Adoption of a Perspective Does and Does Not Do   

Psychological Causal Factors   

Early Deprivation or Trauma   

Inadequate Parenting Styles   

Marital Discord and Divorce   

Maladaptive Peer Relationships   

The Sociocultural Viewpoint   

Uncovering Sociocultural Factors Through Cross-Cultural Studies   

Sociocultural Causal Factors   

Low Socioeconomic Status and Unemployment   

Prejudice and Discrimination in Race, Gender, and Ethnicity   

Social Change and Uncertainty   

Urban Stressors: Violence and Homelessness   

The Impact of the Sociocultural Viewpoint   

Summary   

Key Terms   

Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis  

The Basic Elements in Assessment   

The Relationship Between Assessment and Diagnosis   

Taking a Social or Behavioral History   

Ensuring Culturally Sensitive Assessment Procedures   

The Influence of Professional Orientation   

Reliability, Validity, and Standardization

Trust and Rapport Between the Clinician and the Client   

Assessment of the Physical Organism   

The General Physical Examination   

The Neurological Examination   

The Neuropsychological Examination   

Psychosocial Assessment   

Assessment Interviews   

The Clinical Observation of Behavior   

Psychological Tests   

The Case of Andrea C.: Experiencing Violence in the Workplace

The Integration of Assessment Data   

Ethical Issues in Assessment   

Classifying Abnormal Behavior   

Differing Models of Classification   

Formal Diagnostic Classification of Mental Disorders   

Summary   

Key Terms   

Chapter 5: Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders  

The Fear and Anxiety Response Patterns  

Fear

Anxiety

Overview of the Anxiety Disorders and Their Commonalities   

Specific Phobias   

Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Biological Causal Factors  

Treatments  

Social Phobias  

Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Biological Causal Factors  

Treatments  

Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia  

Panic Disorder  

Agoraphobia  

Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences  

Comorbidity with Other Disorders  

The Timing of a First Panic Attack  

Biological Causal Factors  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Treatments  

Generalized Anxiety Disorder  

Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences  

Comorbidity with Other Disorders  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Biological Causal Factors  

Treatments  

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder  

Prevalence, Age of Onset, and Gender Differences  

Comorbidity with Other Disorders  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Biological Causal Factors  

Treatments  

Sociocultural Causal Factors for All Anxiety Disorders  

Cultural Differences in Sources of Worry  

Taijin Kyofusho  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 6: Mood Disorders and Suicide  

Mood Disorders  

Mood Disorders: An Overview  

Types of Mood Disorders

The Prevalence of Mood Disorders  

Unipolar Mood Disorders  

Depressions That Are Not Mood Disorders  

Dysthymic Disorder  

Major Depressive Disorder  

Depression Emerge During Adolescence?

Causal Factors in Unipolar Mood Disorders  

Biological Causal Factors  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Bipolar Disorders  

Cyclothymic Disorder  

Bipolar Disorders (I and II)  

Causal Factors in Bipolar Disorders  

Biological Causal Factors  

Psychological Causal Factors  

Sociocultural Factors Affecting Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders  

Cross-Cultural Differences in Depressive Symptoms  

Cross-Cultural Differences in Prevalence  

Demographic Differences in the United States  

Treatments and Outcomes  

Pharmacotherapy  

Alternative Biological Treatments  

Psychotherapy  

Suicide  

The Clinical Picture and the Causal Pattern  

Who Attempts and Who Commits Suicide?  

Suicide in Children  

Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults  

Other Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicide  

Biological Causal Factors  

Sociocultural Factors  

Suicidal Ambivalence  

Communication of Suicidal Intent  

Suicide Notes  

Suicide Prevention and Intervention  

Treatment of Mental Disorders  

Crisis Intervention  

Focus on High-Risk Groups and Other Measures  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 7: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders  

What Are Somatoform Disorders?  

Hypochondriasis  

Somatization Disorder  

Pain Disorder  

Conversion Disorder  

Distinguishing Somatization, Pain, and Conversion Disorders from Malingering and Factitious Disorder  

Body Dysmorphic Disorder  

What Are Dissociative Disorders?  

Depersonalization Disorder  

Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue  

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)  

Sociocultural Factors in Dissociative Disorders  

Treatment and Outcomes in Dissociative Disorders  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 8: Eating Disorders and Obesity  

Eating Disorders  

Clinical Aspects of Eating Disorders  

Anorexia Nervosa  

Bulimia Nervosa  

Other Forms of Eating Disorders  

Age of Onset and Gender Differences  

Prevalence of Eating Disorders  

Medical Complications of Eating Disorders  

Course and Outcome  

Diagnostic Crossover

Association of Eating Disorders with Other Forms of Psychopathology  

Eating Disorders Across Cultures  

Biological Factors  

Sociocultural Factors  

Family Influences  

Individual Risk Factors  

Treatment of Eating Disorders  

Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa  

Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa  

Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder  

Obesity  

The Problem of Obesity

Medical Issues

Definition and Prevalence

Weight Stigma

Obesity and the DSM

Risk and Causal Factors in Obesity  

The Role of Genes  

Hormones Involved in Appetite and Weight Regulation  

Sociocultural Influences  

Family Influences  

Stress and “Comfort Food”  

Pathways to Obesity  

Treatment of Obesity  

Lifestyle Modifications

Medications

Bariatric Surgery

The Importance of Prevention  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 9: Personality Disorders  

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders  

Difficulties Doing Research on Personality Disorders  

Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders  

Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders  

Cluster A Personality Disorders  

Paranoid Personality Disorder  

Schizoid Personality Disorder  

Schizotypal Personality Disorder  

Cluster B Personality Disorders  

Histrionic Personality Disorder  

Narcissistic Personality Disorder  

Antisocial Personality Disorder  

Borderline Personality Disorder  

Cluster C Personality Disorders  

Avoidant Personality Disorder  

Dependent Personality Disorder  

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder  

Provisional Categories of Personality Disorder in DSM-IV-TR  

General Sociocultural Causal Factors for Personality Disorders  

Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders  

Adapting Therapeutic Techniques to Specific Personality Disorders  

Treating Borderline Personality Disorder  

Treating Other Personality Disorders  

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy  

Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder  

The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder  

Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality  

A Developmental Perspective on Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality  

Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality  

Summary  

Key Terms 

Chapter 10: Substance-Related Disorders  

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence  

The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence  

The Clinical Picture of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence  

Drinking Is Too Much?  

Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcohol  

Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence  

Sociocultural Causal Factors  

Treatment of Alcohol-Related Disorders  

Drug Abuse and Dependence  

Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics)  

Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants)  

Methamphetamine  

Barbiturates (Sedatives)  

Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs  

Ecstasy  

Marijuana  

Stimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine  

Treatment Approach?  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 11:  Sexual Variants, Abuse, and Dysfunctions  

Sociocultural Influences on Sexual Practices and Standards  

Sexual and Gender Variants  

The Paraphilias  

Causal Factors and Treatments for Paraphilias  

Gender Identity Disorders  

Sexual Abuse  

Childhood Sexual Abuse  

Pedohebephilia  

Incest  

Rape  

Treatment and Recidivism of Sex Offenders  

Sexual Dysfunctions  

Sexual Desire Disorders  

Sexual Arousal Disorders  

Orgasmic Disorders  

Sexual Pain Disorders  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter12: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders  

Schizophrenia  

Origins of the Schizophrenia Construct  

Epidemiology  

Clinical Picture  

Delusions  

Hallucinations  

Disorganized Speech and Behavior

Positive and Negative Symptoms  

Subtypes of Schizophrenia  

Other Psychotic Disorders  

Risk and Causal Factors  

Genetic Factors  

Prenatal Exposures  

Genes and Environment in Schizophrenia: A Synthesis  

A Neurodevelopmental Perspective  

Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities

Psychosocial and Cultural Factors  

A Diathesis-Stress Model of Schizophrenia

Treatments and Outcomes  

Clinical Outcome

Pharmacological Approaches  

Psychosocial Approaches  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 13: Neurocognitive Disorders  

Brain Impairment in Adults  

Diagnostic Issues  

Clinical Signs of Brain Damage  

Diffuse Versus Focal Damage  

The Neurocognitive/Psychopathology Interaction  

Delirium  

Clinical Picture  

Treatments and Outcomes  

Dementia  

Parkinson’s Disease  

Huntington’s Disease  

Alzheimer’s Disease  

Dementia from HIV-1 Infection  

Vascular Dementia  

Amnestic Disorder  

Disorders Involving Head Injury  

Clinical Picture  

Treatments and Outcomes  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 14: Disorders of Childhood and Adolesence  

Maladaptive Behavior in Different Life Periods  

Varying Clinical Pictures  

Special Psychological Vulnerabilities of Young Children  

The Classification of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders  

Common Disorders of Childhood  

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder  

Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder  

Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents  

Anxiety Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence  

Childhood Depression and Bipolar Disorder  

Symptom Disorders: Enuresis, Encopresis, Sleepwalking, and Tics  

Functional Enuresis

Encopresis

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

Tic Disorders

Pervasive Developmental Disorders  

Autism  

Asperger’s Disorder  

Learning Disabilities

Causal Factors in Learning Disabilities  

Treatments and Outcomes  

Mental Retardation  

Levels of Mental Retardation

Causal Factors in Mental Retardation  

Organic Retardation Syndromes  

Treatments, Outcomes, and Prevention  

Planning Better Programs to Help Children and Adolescents  

Special Factors Associated with Treatment of Children and Adolescents  

Family Therapy as a Means of Helping Children

Child Advocacy Programs  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 15: Therapy  

An Overview of Treatment  

Why Do People Seek Therapy?  

Who Provides Psychotherapeutic Services?  

The Therapeutic Relationship  

Measuring Success in Psychotherapy  

Objectifying and Quantifying Change  

Would Change Occur Anyway?  

Can Therapy Be Harmful?  

What Therapeutic Approaches Should Be Used?  

Evidence-Based Treatment  

Medication or Psychotherapy?  

Combined Treatments  

Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment  

Behavior Therapy  

Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy  

Humanistic-Experiential Therapies  

Psychodynamic Therapies  

Couple and Family Therapy  

Eclecticism and Integration  

Sociocultural Perspectives  

Social Values and Psychotherapy  

Psychotherapy and Cultural Diversity  

Biological Approaches to Treatment  

Antipsychotic Drugs  

Antidepressant Drugs  

Antianxiety Drugs  

Lithium and Other Mood-Stabilizing Drugs  

Electroconvulsive Therapy  

Neurosurgery  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Chapter 16: Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology  

Perspectives on Prevention  

Universal Interventions  

Selective Interventions  

Indicated Interventions  

Inpatient Mental Health Treatment in Contemporary Society

The Mental Hospital as a Therapeutic Community   

Aftercare Programs

Deinstitutionalization  

Controversial Legal Issues and the Mentally Ill   

Civil Commitment  

Assessment of “Dangerousness”  

The Insanity Defense  

Personality Disorder Limit Responsibility for a Criminal Act?  

Competence to Stand Trial

Organized Efforts for Mental Health  

U.S. Efforts for Mental Health  

International Efforts for Mental Health  

Challenges for the Future  

The Need for Planning  

The Individual’s Contribution  

Summary  

Key Terms  

Glossary